Inverter DC-AC

The 100% OFF GRID inverters are used in all those renewable energy systems, generally at low voltage 12-24 or 48 volts and are indispensable for transforming the direct current from the accumulators into alternating current which is then necessary to operate the vast majority of commonly used devices.
An inverter (term of the English language that can be translated into Italian as inverter), in electronics, is an electronic input / output device capable of converting a direct current at the input into an alternating current at the output.
The applications are many:

• in UPS (uninterruptible power supplies) they convert the voltage supplied by the battery into alternating current
• in the transmission of electrical energy they convert the energy into direct current transferred in some power lines to be fed into the grid in alternating current
• in the use of photovoltaic panels, it allows to transform the direct voltage into alternating voltage that can be used in the home or placed on the distribution network (if the current is fed into the national grid, a Grid-tie inverter is used)
• To create a switching power supply, for transformation into direct current, with considerable advantages in terms of efficiency, dimensions and weight
• In the aerospace field they are used to supply the avionics equipment of aircraft with a highly stable alternating current even if supplied by batteries (in case of electrical failure)
• Speed ​​variation in electric motors
• On cars, caravans and pick-ups: they convert the 12V direct current of the battery to 230V into alternating current to operate 230V devices.

The simplest type of inverter consists of an oscillator driving a transistor, which generates a square wave by opening and closing a circuit. The wave is then applied to a transformer which supplies the required voltage to the output by rounding the square wave to some extent. More efficient devices such as MOSFET, thyristor or IGBT are often used instead of the common transistor. The square waveform generated by these devices has the problem of being rich in higher harmonics, while the sine wave of the electrical network does not. This leads to lower efficiency of the powered equipment, greater noise and electrical noise, and serious problems of electromagnetic compatibility. More complex inverters use different approaches to output a waveform as sinusoidal as possible. An electronic circuit produces a stepped voltage by pulse width modulation (PAM) as close to a sinusoid as possible. The signal, called modified sinusoid, is smoothed by capacitors and inductors placed at the input and output of the transformer to suppress harmonics.